Abstract
Background: Bank workers are exposed to risk factors which make them a potential occupational risk group for hypertension and information on the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among bank workers in Nepal is very scarce.
Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among bank employees in Kathmandu district.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 bank employees of commercial banks of Kathmandu district. The information was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire in the workplace which included demographic information of individuals and other risk factors like alcohol,tobacco use and physical activity. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were recorded and hypertension was defined as per Joint National Committee VII criteria. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences version 23.
Results: Prevalence of hypertension was found to be 11.3%. Of the 47 participants with hypertension, 40(85.1%) were known cases while 7(14.9%) were newly diagnosed. Age, gender, marital status, overweight (BMI ?25), smoking, alcohol consumption, having diabetes, and family history of -hypertension were found to have significant association with hypertension in univariate analysis. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that gender, having diabetes and physical activity had independent and significant association with hypertension.
Conclusion: Based on the findings from the study, we can conclude that hypertension is significantly associated with gender, physical activity and diabetes. Measures for early detection of hypertension and diabetes are required and health education regarding lifestyle modifications is recommended.
References
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants. Lancet. 2017;389(10064):37–55. [Pub Med | Full Text | DOI]
Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardio-metabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: A comparative risk assessment. The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 2014;2, 634–47. [Pub Med | Full Text | DOI]
World Health Organization. Hypertension [Internet]. [ cited 2020 March 20] [Full Text]
Nissien A, Bothig S, Grenroth H, Lopez AD. Hypertension in developing countries. World Health Stat Q. 1988;41:141–54. [Full Text]
Bacha D, Abera H. Knowledge, attitude and selfcare practice towards control of hypertension among hypertensive patients on follow-up at St. Paul’s Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. J Health Sci. 2019; 29: 421–30. [Pub Med | Full Text | DOI]
Mittal BV, Singh AK. Hypertension in the Developing World: Challenges and Opportunities. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2010;55(3):590-98.[Full Text | DOI]
Bhadoria AS, Kasar PK, Toppo NA, Bhadoria P, Pradhan S, Kabirpanthi V. Prevalence of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors in Central India. J Fam Community Med. 2014;21:29-38. [Pub Med | Full Text | DOI]
Guimont C, Brisson C, Dagenais GR, Milot A, Vezina M, Masse B et al. Effects of job strain on blood pressure: a prospective study of male and female white-collar workers. American Journal of Public Health. 2006;96(8):1436–43. [ Pub Med | Full Text | DOI]
Irfan MM, Desai VK, Kavishwar A. A study on effect of lifestyle risk factors on prevalence of hypertension among white collar job people of Surat. Internet J Occup Health. 2011;1:155-62. [Full Text]
Maroof KA, Parashar P, Bansal R, Ahmad S. A study on hypertension among the bank employees of Meerut district of Uttar Pradesh. Indian J Public Health. 2007;51:225-7. [Pub Med | Full Text]
Lokare L, Nekar MS, Mulkipatel SY, Venktesh M. Metabolic equivalent task score and risk factors of coronary heart disease in bank employees. Int J Biol Med Res. 2012;3:1627-30. [Full Text]
Shivaramakrishna HR, Wantamutte AS, Sangolli HN, Mallapur MD. Risk factors of coronary heart diseases among bank employees of Belgaum city-Cross sectional study. Al Ameen J Med Sci. 2010;3:152-9. [Full Text]
Kumar SG, Sundaram ND. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among bank employees in urban Puducherry, India. Int J Occup Environ Med. 2014;5:94–100. [Pub Med | Full Text]
The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; 2003. [Full Text]
Diwe KC, Enwere OO, Uwakwe KA, Duru CB, Chineke HN. Prevalence and awareness of hypertension and associated risk factors among bank workers in Owerri, Nigeria. Int J Med Biomed Res 2015;4(3):142- 48. [Full Text | DOI]
Huang Y, Guo P, Karmacharya BM, Seeruttun SR, Xu DR, Hao Y. Prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in Nepal: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Glob health res policy 2019;4(11). [Full Text | DOI]
Aryal KK, Mehata S, Neupane S, Vaidya A, Dhimal M, Dhakal P, et al. the burden and determinants of non-communicable diseases risk factors in Nepal: Findings froma Nationwide STEPS Survey. PLoS One 2015; 10(8): e0134834 10.1371/journal. pone.0134834. [Pub Med | Full Text |DOI]
Salaudeen AG, Musa OI, Babatunde OA, Atoyebi OA, Durowade KA, Omokanye LO. Knowledge and prevalence of risk factors for arterial hypertension and blood pressure pattern among bankers and traffic wardens in Ilorin, Nigeria. African Health Sciences 2014;14(3):593-9. [Pub Med | Full Text | DOI]
Konradi AO, Rotar OP, Korostovtseva LS, Ivanenko VV, Solntcev VN, Anokhin SB, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome components in a population of bank employees from St. Petersburg, Russia. Met SyndrRelatDisord. 2011;9(5):337-43[Pub Med |DOI]
Brahmankar TR, Prabhu PM. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among the bank employees of Western Maharashtra – a cross sectional study. Int J Community Med Publ Health, 2017;4(4):1267-77. [Full Text | DOI]
Sumalatha N, Dorle A, Anjum W, Gagan S. Study of Socio-demographic Profile & Prevalence of Hypertension among Bank Employees in Bagalkot City. Annals of Community Health. 2015;3(1),28-32. [Full Text]
Momin MH, Desai VK, Kavishwar AB. Study of sociodemographic factors affecting the prevalence of hypertension among bank employees of Surat City. Indian journal of public health, 2012;56(1); 44-8. [Full Text | DOI]
Paul PJ, Samson R, William A, Akila B, Purty AJ, Bazroy J. Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension: a community based cross-sectional study among adults in an urban area of Puducherry, South India. Int J Community Med Public Health 2017;4:1620-6.[Full Text | DOI]
Ismail IM, Kulkarni AG, Kamble SV, Borker SA, Rekha R, Amruth M. Prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among bank employees of SulliaTaluk, Karnataka. Sahel Med J. 2013;16:139-43. [Full Text | DOI]
Undhad AM, Bharodiya PJ, Somani RP. Correlates of hypertension among the bank employees of Surat city of Gujarat. National J Comm Med. 2011;2(1):123- 5.[Full Text | DOI]
Yadavannavar MC, Patil SS, VeenaAlgur V. Prevalence of hypertension in some occupational groups of Bijapur city. International Journal of Current Research and Review. 2011;3(8):42-8. [Full Text]