Keywords
Non-extraction
Orthodontics
Panoramic radiograph
Root resorption
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Apical root resorption is a common consequence of orthodontic treatment, usually asymptomatic, arising from various biological and mechanical factors. Its severity may differ between extraction and non-extraction therapies.
Objectives: To evaluate and compare apical root resorption in patients with Angles Class I bimaxillary malocclusion treated with extraction versus Class I malocclusion treated with non-extraction orthodontic approaches using panoramic radiographs.
Methodology: This cross-sectional observational study included 120 patients (60 extraction, 60 non-extraction) treated in the Department of Orthodontics, Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu. Apical root length (ARL) was calculated as the difference in root length between the pretreatment and post-treatment Orthopantomograms. All permanent teeth (11 to 47) were measured with Image J software, with intra-examiner reliability assessed via the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Statistical analysis was performed with independent t-tests for group comparisons.
Results: The ICC values ranged from 0.85 to 0.99, indicating excellent intra-examiner reliability. Root resorption was significantly greater in the extraction group (p < 0.05) for 20 of 24 teeth with 12, 35, and 45 showing the highest mean differences. In the non-extraction group, significant resorption was observed in 15 teeth, although with lower overall values. Four teeth (25, 27, 37, and 47) showed no significant difference between groups.
Conclusion: Apical root resorption was more pronounced with extraction-based orthodontic treatment, although resorption was also evident in non-extraction cases, underscoring its multifactorial nature.
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