Keywords
dysmenorrhea
menarche
menstrual health
Nepal
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Menarche is a physiological milestone in adolescent development, with timing influenced by genetic,
nutritional, and socioeconomic factors. Understanding menstrual patterns and knowledge among schoolgirls is vital for
developing targeted public health planning and clinical care in Nepal.
Objectives: This study aimed to synthesize current evidence on menstrual patterns, including age at menarche, cycle
regularity, common menstruation problems, hygiene practices and associated factors among school-going adolescent
girls in Bhaktapur district, Nepal.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 375 adolescent girls (10-19 years) from public
and private schools, selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire
using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Statistical analysis included descriptive
statistics, Pearson’s correlation, Chi-square tests, and ordinal logistic regression analysis.
Results: The mean age at menarche was 12.08 ± 1.12 years, with 310 (82.7%) attaining menarche between 11-13 years.
Most participants 248 (66.1%) reported regular menstrual cycles (21-35 days). Dysmenorrhea was highly prevalent 335
(89.3%), with 208 (62.1%) reporting moderate-to-severe pain; however, only 34 (10.1%) used analgesics. Lower physical
activity was significantly associated with increased severity of dysmenorrhea (p=0.012). Commercial sanitary pads were
used by 339 (90.4%) of participants, and 151 (40.3%) reported school absenteeism due to menstruation.
Conclusion: The mean menarcheal age in this population is consistent with regional trends. The high prevalence
of dysmenorrhea and its significant impact on school attendance, coupled with low healthcare-seeking behavior,
underscores the need for targeted adolescent health education and accessible pain management strategies.
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