Keywords
Liver
Non-alcoholic fatty liver
Sonological grading
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming more well acknowledged as a significant contributor to liver-related morbidity and mortality.
Objectives: To assess the sonological grading of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and comparison with liver enzymes.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from 2022 August to 2023 January among the patients referred to radiology unit for liver sonography with diagnosis of non-alcoholic liver disease. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review committee of Kathmandu Medical College (Ref. 12082022/06). A convenience sampling method was used. The sample size calculated was 107. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, means, and standard deviations) was used to describe the variables of interest. One-way analysis of variance was applied for comparison of serum liver enzymes in between various grades of NAFLD at 5% significance level.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 37.9 ± 17.8 years, with 60% females. Most patients had grade I NAFLD (82, 76.6%), whereas 23 (21.5%) were of grade II. Levels of liver enzyme: Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) with p-value 0.02 and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) with p-value 0.03 were associated with fatty liver grade.
Conclusion: Ultrasound-based grading of the severity of NAFLD was associated with abnormalities in the liver enzyme profile of patients. The SGPT and SGOT levels correlated with increasing severity of NAFLD based on ultrasound.
References
Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Caldwell SH. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Summary of an AASLD single topic conference. Hepatology. 2003 May;37(5):1202-19. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Ferraioli G, Soares Monteiro LB. Ultrasound-based techniques for the diagnosis of liver steatosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(40):6053-62. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, Chalrton M, Cusi K, Rinella M, et al. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the american association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):328-57. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, Fazel Y, Henry L, Wymer M. Global epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):73-84. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Rinella M, Charlton M. The globalisation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Prevalence and impact on world health. Hepatology. 2016;64:19-22. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Demir M, Lang S, Steffen HM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Current status and future directions. J Dig Dis. 2015;16(10):541-57. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Shetty A, Syn WK. Health and economic burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the united states and its impact on veterans. Fed Pract. 2019;36(1):14-9. [PubMed |Full Text]
Yang K C, Liao YY, Tsui PH, Yeh CK. Ultrasound imaging in non-alcoholic liver disease: Current applications and future developments.Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2019;9(4):546-51. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Berger D, Desai V, Janardhan S. Con: Liver biopsy remains the gold standard to evaluate fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2019;13(4):114-6. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
El-Koofy N, El-Karaksy H, El-Akel W, Helmy H, Anwar G, El-Sayed R, et al. Ultrasonography as a non-invasive tool for detection of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight/obese Egyptian children. Eur J Radiol. 2012;81(11):3120-3. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Jwarchan B, Lalchan S, Dhakal A, Acharya RR. Comparison of liver enzymes and sonological grading in non-alcoholic fatty liver. Asian J Med Sci. 2020;11(2):42-5. [Full Text | DOI]
Patell R, Dosi R, Joshi H, Sheth S, Shah P, Jasdanwala S. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obesity. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(1):62-6. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Bhusal KR, Simkhada R, Nepal P. Lipid profile in different grades of ultrasonic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of College of Medical Sciences Nepal. 2017;13(2):258-61. [Full Text | DOI]
Khadka B,Shakya RM, Bista Y. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease assessment in Nepal. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2016;3(6):1654-9. [Full Text | DOI]
Saxena T, Arya A, Rathore AJ, Rajak N, Naz S, Shah R. GGT and SGPT - A rising marker in diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biomed Pharmacol J. 2014;7(1):277-80. [Full Text | DOI]